Category: C++ coaching Ahmedabad
What is Constructor in C++?
C++ is a powerful and versatile programming language that is widely used in the development of various software applications. In C++, constructors represent special member functions that are used to initialize class objects. They are essential for creating and setting up objects with valid initial values, and play a serious role in managing memory allocations and resources.
In C++, constructors are primarily used to initialize the data members of a class when an object is created. They are automatically called when an object is instantiated, and can have different functionalities and access specifies. There are several types of constructors in C++, each serving a specific purpose in the initialization of objects.
A constructor is a special member function that is automatically called when an object is created. Its main purpose is to initialize the object’s data members and prepare it for use.
In C++, constructors are essential for creating objects of a class, as they set the initial state of the object and can also allocate necessary resources. The constructor has the same name as the class, has no return type, and is not void. It can have parameters, which are used to pass values to the data members during object creation.
There are several types of constructors in C++. The default constructor is called when an object of the class is declared but not initialized with any values. It does not take any parameters and is automatically generated if no constructor is declared.
Another type is the parameterized constructor, which takes one or more parameters and uses them to initialize the data members of the object. This allows for customization of the object’s state during creation.
Constructors play a important role in creating and initializing objects in C++. They ensure that objects are correctly set up and ready for use, and also provide a way to customize their initial state. Understanding how to use constructors effectively is essential for writing robust and maintainable C++ code.
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What is Class and Object in C++?
In the world of programming, the concepts of class and object play a important role in the development of software. These concepts are essential in object-oriented programming, which is a widely used paradigm in modern programming languages like C++.
To begin with, a class is a blueprint or template for creating objects in a program. It defines a set of properties (attributes) and behaviors (methods) that all objects of that class will have.
In other words, a class acts as a template from which objects can be created. For example, if we were creating a class for a car, we would define the properties of the car such as its make, model, year, and color, as well as the behaviors such as driving, braking, and turning.
Objects are an instance of a class. This is a concrete realization of the properties and behaviors that are defined in this class. Each object of the class will have its unique set of property values and can perform the behaviors defined in the class.
In C++, classes and objects are created using structures and functions. A structure in C++ can be used to define the properties of a class, and functions can be used to define the behaviors.
Example how a class and objects can be implemented in C++:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Demo_Class
{
public:
int num;
string str;
};
int main()
{
Demo_Class obj;
obj.num = 108;
obj.str = “Hello Class…!!!”;
cout << obj.num << “\n”;
cout << obj.str;
return 0;
}
Class and Object are fundamental concepts in object-oriented programming, and they play a significant role in the development of software.
In C++, classes and objects can be implemented using structures and functions, allowing for the creation of reusable and modular code.
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Types of Polymorphism in C++
Polymorphism in C++ is a powerful concept that allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class as well as an instance of their child classes. Polymorphism is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means many and “morph” which means forms. In C++ programming, there are mainly two types of polymorphism: compile-time polymorphism and runtime polymorphism.
Compile-time polymorphism, also known as static polymorphism or early binding, is achieved using function overloading and operator overloading. Function overloading allows different functions to have the same name but different parameters. This means that the compiler can decide which function to call based on the parameters passed to it.
For example, in C++, we can have multiple functions with the same name but different parameters like:
c
int add(int a, int b);
float add(float a, float b);
Similarly, operator overloading allows us to define the behavior of operators for user-defined data types. For example, we can overload the ‘+’ operator for a custom class to perform addition based on our requirements.
Compile-time polymorphism provides performance benefits as the function calls are resolved at compile time.
On the other hand, runtime polymorphism, also known as dynamic polymorphism or late binding, is achieved using inheritance and virtual functions. Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and behaviors from another class. By using inheritance, we can create a parent class and multiple child classes, each with its own unique behavior.
Virtual functions are functions in the base class that are overridden by the derived class. They allow the function to be resolved at runtime, based on the actual object being referred to. This means that the correct function is called based on the type of object at runtime. The use of the virtual keyword in C++ indicates that the function is virtual and will be resolved dynamically.
class Shape
{
public:
virtual void draw()
{
cout << “Drawing shape” << endl;
}
};
class Circle : public Shape {
public:
void draw() override
{
cout << “Drawing circle” << endl;
}
};
class Square : public Shape
{
public:
void draw() override
{
cout << “Drawing square” << endl;
}
};
In the above example, the draw() function is declared as virtual in the base class Shape and overridden in the derived classes Circle and Square. When we call the draw() function on objects of type Shape, the actual function called will depend on the type of object.
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Types of Inheritance in C++
Inheritance is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming that allows one class to inherit properties and behaviour from another class. The C++ programming language does not support inheritance in the same way as other object-oriented languages such as C++, Java, and Python.
However, there are still ways to achieve similar functionality using different techniques. This essay describes the different types of inheritance in C++ and how to implement them.
Single Inheritance:
Single inheritance allows a class to inherit only properties and behaviour from another class. This is the simplest form of inheritance and can be achieved in C++ using struct pointers. You can simulate single inheritance in C++ by defining a struct that contains the properties and behaviour of the base class and creating a struct for the derived class that contains a pointer to the base class structure.
Multiple Inheritance:
Multiple inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and behaviour from multiple classes. Although C++ does not directly support multiple inheritance, it can be simulated using a technique called structural embedding. You can achieve the effect of multiple inheritance by embedding one structure in another.
Hierarchical Inheritance:
Hierarchical inheritance occurs when multiple classes inherit from the same base class. This is common type inheritance, and can be achieved in C++ by defining multiple structures, each containing a pointer to a base class structure.
Each type of inheritance has its own advantages and disadvantages, so it is important to carefully consider which technique is best for your particular situation. A solid understanding of these techniques allows developers to effectively simulate inheritance in C++ and create well-structured and maintainable code.
TCCI provides the best training in C++ through different learning methods/media is located in Bopal Ahmedabad and ISCON Ambli Road in Ahmedabad.
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Inheritance in C++ with Example
Meaning:- The literal meaning of the term “inheritance” is the derivation of a characteristic from an ancestor.
Similarly, the concept of inheritance in programming revolves around the idea of inheriting the properties of a class to its subclasses.
The parent class whose properties are inherited is called the base class, and all classes that inherit from the base class are derived classes.
This is one of the most important features of object-oriented programming. Inheritance improves program efficiency by providing benefits such as code reusability and data hiding.
When we say that a derived class inherits a base class, we mean that the derived class inherits all the properties of the base class and may add new functions to its own class without changing the properties of the base class.
These new features in derived classes do not affect the base class.
A class that inherits properties from a subclass is called a base class or superclass.
Inheritance is the function or process of creating a new class from an existing class. The newly created class is called the “derived class” or “child class,” and the existing class is called the “base class” or “parent class.” Derived classes must inherit from a base class.
Example:-
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Base_Class
{
public: string base_name = “Ram”;
void show_Base()
{
cout << “Hello, Base Class! \n” ;
}
};
class Derived_Class: public Base_Class
{
public: string derived_name = “Shyam”;
};
int main()
{
Derived_Class ob;
ob.show_Base();
cout << ob.base_name + ” ” + ob.derived_name;
return 0;
}
Inheritance in C++ is a powerful feature that allows a class to inherit properties and behaviors from another class. It is one of the key concepts of object-oriented programming, and it enables code reusability and the creation of a hierarchy of classes. Inheritance allows us to build upon existing classes and create new classes based on them, thereby promoting the concept of modularity and abstraction.
In C++, a class that is derived from another class is called a derived class, and the class from which it is derived is called the base class. The derived class inherits all the members (variables and functions) of the base class, except for its constructors and destructors. Inheritance is specified using the colon (:) followed by the access specifier (public, protected, or private) and the name of the base class in the derived class declaration.
Inheritance in C++ can be of different types, such as single inheritance (one base class and one derived class), multiple inheritance (multiple base classes and one derived class), hierarchical inheritance (one base class and multiple derived classes), and multilevel inheritance (a derived class becomes the base class for another derived class).
inheritance in C++ is a powerful feature that allows for code reusability and the creation of a class hierarchy. It enables the creation of new classes based on existing classes and promotes modularity and abstraction in programming. By understanding and using inheritance effectively, programmers can write more efficient and flexible code.
TCCI provides the best training in C++ programming through different learning methods/media is located in Bopal Ahmedabad and ISCON Ambli Road in Ahmedabad.
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TCCI C++ Language Courses ISKON Ambli Ahmedabad
C++ is a general-purpose programming language. C++ contains object oriented concepts which has so many advantages. It is designed in terms of System Programming and Embedded system.
In 1983, “C with Classes” was renamed to “C++”, adding new features that included virtual functions, function name and operator overloading, references, constants, type-safe free-store memory allocation (new/delete), improved type checking, So, We can say that c++ is an extension of C language.
C++ contains following topics at TCCI:
Introduction to C++, Basic Syntax, Object Oriented Concept, Data Types and Variables, Constants, Literals, Modifiers, Operators, Loop Controls, Decision Making, Class Structure with Object, Function, Arrays, String, Inheritance, Constructor-Destructor, Exception Handling, Files etc.
Course Duration: Daily/2 Days/3 Days/4 Days
Class Mode: Theory With Practical
Learn Training: At student’s Convenience
TCCI provides the best training in C++ programming through different learning methods/media is located in Bopal Ahmedabad and ISCON Ambli Road in Ahmedabad.
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Learn C++ Language From Scratch at TCCI Ahmedabad
C++ is a multi-paradigm programming language. This includes program logic, structure, and flow. Generic, imperative, and object-oriented are his three paradigms of C++.
C++ comes with a wide variety of built-in libraries. They help speed up software development and enable users to do more with less.
C++ is a general purpose programming language. C++ includes object-oriented concepts that have numerous advantages. Designed from a systems programming and embedded systems perspective.
OOP concepts such as polymorphism, encapsulation, inheritance, and abstraction make C++ superior to other programming languages.
This feature is missing in C and has proven to be very important as it helps users treat data as objects and classes. C++ gives programmers complete control over memory management.
This can be viewed as both a benefit and a cost, as it puts more responsibility on the user to manage the memory instead of having it managed by the garbage collector.
Since C++ is based on ASCII characters, it works well on different platforms such as Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, Android and iOS. So, wherever you live, you can run your C programs anywhere.
High-level language features are useful for developing games and desktop applications, and low-level language features are useful for building kernels and drivers.
Course Duration: Daily/2 Days/3 Days/4 Days
Class Mode: Theory With Practical
Learn Training: At student’s Convenience
TCCI provides the best training in C++ programming through different learning methods/media is located in Bopal Ahmedabad and ISCON Ambli Road in Ahmedabad.
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TCCI C++ Courses Bopal Ahmedabad
C++ is a general-purpose programming language. C++ contains object oriented concepts which has so many advantages. It is designed in terms of System Programming and Embedded system.
In 1983, “C with Classes” was renamed to “C++”, adding new features that included virtual functions, function name and operator overloading, references, constants, type-safe free-store memory allocation (new/delete), improved type checking, So, We can say that c++ is an extension of C language.
C++ contains following topics at TCCI:
Introduction to C++, Basic Syntax, Object Oriented Concept, Data Types and Variables, Constants, Literals, Modifiers, Operators, Loop Controls, Decision Making, Class Structure with Object, Function, Arrays, String, Inheritance, Constructor-Destructor, Exception Handling, Files etc.
Course Duration: Daily/2 Days/3 Days/4 Days
Class Mode: Theory With Practical
Learn Training: At student’s Convenience
TCCI provides the best training in C++ programming through different learning methods/media is located in Bopal Ahmedabad and ISCON Ambli Road in Ahmedabad.
For More Information:
Call us @ +91 9825618292
Visit us @ http://tccicomputercoaching.com
TCCI C++ Programming Language Classes Ahmedabad
C++ is a general-purpose programming language. C++ contains object oriented concepts which has so many advantages. It is designed in terms of System Programming and Embedded system.
In 1983, “C with Classes” was renamed to “C++”, adding new features that included virtual functions, function name and operator overloading, references, constants, type-safe free-store memory allocation (new/delete), improved type checking, So, We can say that c++ is an extension of C language.
C++ contains following topics at TCCI:
Introduction to C++, Basic Syntax, Object Oriented Concept, Data Types and Variables, Constants, Literals, Modifiers, Operators, Loop Controls, Decision Making, Class Structure with Object, Function, Arrays, String, Inheritance, Constructor-Destructor, Exception Handling, Files etc…..
Course Duration: Daily/2 Days/3 Days/4 Days
Class Mode: Theory With Practical
Learn Training: At student’s Convenience
TCCI provides the best training in computer programming through different learning methods/media is located in Bopal Ahmedabad and ISCON Ambli Road in Ahmedabad.
For More Information:
Call us @ +91 9825618292
Visit us @ http://tccicomputercoaching.com
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